This comprehensive article examines whether sweeteners raise blood sugar, focusing on artificial sweeteners, sugar alcohols, natural non-caloric sweeteners, and sugars. It explains how different sweeteners affect blood glucose and insulin, explores emerging research on sweeteners' effects on gut microbiota and metabolism, and discusses individual variability in responses. The insights provided support informed choices for consumers and innovation within food, beverage, and healthcare industries, helping manage blood sugar while satisfying sweetness preferences.