Aspartame is an artificial sweetener extensively used in food and beverages as a low-calorie sugar substitute. It is chemically distinct from aspartate, a natural amino acid, although aspartate is one component of aspartame's structure. This article explains these differences, the roles of each compound, and addresses common questions about aspartame's safety and use. Aspartame provides sweetness without calories and is generally recognized as safe, except for individuals with PKU.